Chiappulini



Apl 20, 1952i R, cHlAPPULlNl 2,675,652

AUTOMATIC COPYING MILLING AND GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 4,` 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 BY WJWMWW ATTORNEYS Aprll 20, 1954 R. cl-uAPPULlNl 2,675,652

AUTOMATIC COPYING MILLING AND GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 4, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 BY mIJW/PWAW 49 /42 27/ ATToRNEYs 27 tim f expansible chamber type.

4cylinder 20 with hydraulic conduits 2l, 2i leadl V-throttling' orifices 24, 2d into bores 2li,

Y opposite ends of pilot cylinder I'I and also through .same size and shape as the feeler I2.

like feeler I2. In the drawing, feeler i2 is of uniform diameter throughout its length and Y therefore truly cylindrical. However if desired the spindle surface can be given a slightly convex curvature intermediate its ends in a longitudinal direction much in the way a barrel is constructed.

At the lower part of the bore S in slides are arranged two pairs of mutually perpendicular ports I3-I3 and ill-it which in cooperation with an enlarged cylindrical portion I5 on spindle II function as a hydraulic. control for a pilot Valve assembly IS built into the body of slide E. Valve assembly l5 includes a horizontally disposed cylinder II, piston i8 and a system of ports so arranged that displacement .ofspindle il in one direction or the other in the plane of the drawing Fig. 1 causes the pilot piston I8 to move in the same direction.

Disposed above the pilot valve assembly I is yal power-motor Ie of the double action hydraulic Motor I9 includes a ing from opposite ends thereof into the pilot valve assembly I6 and a stationary piston 22 extending outwardly of the body of slide 6 to a fixed anchor point 3b at the upper end of a vertically arranged arm 3a on-slide 3.

roi.

bores 21, 28 to ports i3, I3 at spindle I i. Return conduits 29, 3B lead from the pilot valve cylinder il to the low pressure sump of the hydraulic sys- 'tem which has been omitted for the sake of simplicity. Thus when spindle I I moves to the right for example, a pressure differential in the pilot valve I5 is established causing more of the hyvdraulic fluid to enter the left end of cylinder il moving piston I8 to the right sufficiently to unf cover and expose bore 2l to the high pressure fluid in pilot'valve I6 and simultaneously open conduit 2I toI the-low pressure return line 2&2.

1 `.Hydraulic fluid flows into that portion of the motorv cylinder 21) to the right side of piston 22 ycausing the slide E to also move to the right in a horizontal plane. A similar sequence of events Y effecting displacement of slide E to the left will take place should spindle Il move to the left from vertical as viewed in Fig. l. Thus any disl placement ofspindle I I in the plane of the drawing,-Fig. l from Vertical results in a like and simultaneous horizontal rectilinear displacement of slide 5 on slide 3.

Also mounted within slide 5 for rotation in a vertical plane is a quill, i. e. a sleeve or bushing wherein the tool spindle is lodged in such manner, for/example by means of ball bearings, that it can rotate freely, terminating at its lower end in a tool 33, which as previously explained is a grinder in the illustrated embodiment, of the A drive pulley 3 is disposed at the upper end of spindle 32 and the illustrated drive means 4for spindle 32 is a *belt 35 running over pulley 3.1i. This type of drive is illustrative only and it will be obvious that other types of drives such as an electrick mot-or can be substituted for the particular type illustrated. So also with the drive for'spindle II. Spindles Il and 32 are parallel and the feeler I2 and tool 33 are located at like elevations.

. .With referencenow to Fig..2,' provision .is made a horizontally disposed cylinder 38, piston 39 and a system of ports so arranged that displacement of spindle II in one direction or the other in the plane of the drawing Fig. 2 causes pilot piston 39 to move in the same direction.

Disposed below slide in the body of slide 3 is a power motor et of the double action hydraulic expansiblechamber type including a cylinder 4I with hydraulic conduits d2, 432' leading from opposite ends thereof into the pilot valve assembly 3l, and a stationary piston d3 extending outwardly of the body of slide 3 to a fixed anchor point IIc on an upstanding arm Ib of frame I. Hydraulic fluid is supplied at constant pressure from the pump, not illustrated, to pilot valve assembly 31 through inlet conduit 4d. The fluid is directed through throttling orifices 45, 45 into bores 46, il to opposite ends of pilot cylinder 33 and also through bores 38, I9 torports Il, Eli at spindle Si, which as previously explained are mutually perpendicular to ports I3, I3. Return conduits 5B, 5I lead from pilot valve cylinder 38 to the low pressure sump of the hydraulic system. Thus when spindle I I moves to the right with reference to Fig. 2 for example, a pressure differential is established in the pil-ot Valve assembly 3l causing hydraulic uid to enter the left end of cylinder 33 moving piston 39 to the right suiiiciently to uncover and expose conduit d2 to the high pressure fluid in pilot valve assembly 3l and simultaneously connect conduit d2 with the lowpressure 'rluid return conduit 5G. Hydraulic uid ows into that portion of motor cylinder 4I to the right side of piston 43 causing slide 3 to also move rectilinearly to the right in a horizontal plane. A similar sequence of events effecting displacement of slide-3 to the left will take place should spindle Il move to the left from vertical as viewed in Fig. 2. Thus any displacement of spindle I i-from vertical in the plane of drawing Fig. 2 results in a like and simultaneous horizontal displacement of slide 3 on frame I.

It will now be seen that any displacement oi spindle il in any direction from vertical is resolved into two mutually perpendicular rectilinear .the periphery of the pattern 65.

Frame I includes rails 55 at each side thereof guiding a platform 5S for controlled movement in a vertical plane, the power for lifting the platform being provided by la hydraulic motor 5l of the expansible chamber type including a cylinder 58 and piston 59, the piston rod @il being secured to the underside ofl platform 5e.

Upstanding at each side of platform are arms 6I, 6I' in which are formed journals e2, 62 for mounting the spindled outer ends of coaxially `arranged carriers 53, 63' for rotation about a horizontal axis. The inner spindled ends of the carriers are supported in a common journal 64.. formed in'anotherI arm ll--upstanding upon platform 5B.

Mounted upon carriers 63, 63 respectively are the pattern 36 and metal blank 61 to be finished. Pattern 66 is made magnetically attractive to feeler I2 such as by making the latter of magnetized material to assure constant surface contact therebetween, and blank 61 occupies the same position with respect to tool 33 as pattern et does with respect to feeler I2. Both pattern t5 and blank t1, in the illustrated example a turbine blade, are so supported as to enable both to execute like movements simultaneously about two mutually perpendicular horizontal axes, one of which is the common axis of carriers S3, 53 and the other an axis normal to and which intersects the axis of such carriers. A shaft 63 extending transverse to the axis of carrier 53 and supported in journals GS on carrier 63 allows pivotal motion of the pattern mount lil and hence also pattern 6B about the axis of shaft Bil in the plane of drawing Fig. 1. A simiiai' shaft 'll extending transverse to the axis of carrier G3 and also supported in journals, not shown, on carrier 63 allows like pivotal motion of the metal blank mount 12 and hence also blank B1 about the axis of shaft 1l.

As shown in Fig. 5, the magnetic attractive force M between the magnetic feeler I2 and pattern e5 develops, due to friction, a tangential force "5' in the point of contact P between their respective peripheries. Due to rotation of the feeler It in the direction R, a rolling motion of the feeler I2 along orbit T around the profile of the pattern 55 takes place providing the frictional force F is greater than the required controlling force of the hydraulic follower system l2, i5, i3, i3', lll and I4. Thus the feeler i2 rolls around the pattern and will not skid on its surface. Feeler i2 and pattern S6, while thus always clinging together, are able to transmit their motions to the tool 33 and work blank 5l respectively.

structurally integral with the carrier 63 is the cylinder 13 of a double acting hydraulic motor. Piston 'it of this motor includes two rod portions iria, 'lsb extending in opposite directions through the end walls of cylinder 13. Part 14D is provided with a transverse rectangular aperture 15 through which extends a cross pin 16 that bridges a yoke 12a depending from the main body of 1 lank mount l2. The diameter of pin 'i6 is substantially the same as the width of aperture 15. Part lila of the piston rod also is provided with a rectangular transverse aperture 11 through which extends a cross pin 'i8 bridging a yoke 'Illa depending from the main body of pattern mount 1l. As will be seen clearly from Fig. l, cross pin 'is in conjunction with the set of ports 18a, lsb and in cooperation with the throttling orifices t3, 8f3 functions as a direct pilot valve controlling pressure and flow of hydraulic fluid entering through fluid inlets 19, 80 and bores 8l, e2 in piston 1li leading to opposite ends of cylinder 13. 'Throttling orices 83, 84 are placed in the fluid inlets 19, 8U. Thus any pivotal moveu ment of the pattern mount 10 about the axis of shaft 63 is reflected in a like movement of cross pin valve 13 which establishes an unbalanced fluid pressure condition at opposite sides pivotal movement of the vpattern 66 and its mount 1e about the axis of the carriers S3, into a like pivotal movement of the metal blank el and its mount 12 about the axis of carrier t3. With particular reference now to Figs. l and 3, the organization for effecting this result is comprised of still another hydraulic motor of the double acting expansion chamber type including a cylinder 85 supported horizontally upon platform 55 perpendicular to the common axis of carriers 53, 63 and a piston 85. As seen in Fig. 3, the piston rod 81 projects forwardly and includes a transverse rectangular aperture 88 through which extends a cross pin 89 serving as a pilot valve and which latter is secured between. ears et, QI depending respectively from the inner ends of carriers t3, 63', the ears also being apertured to pass piston rod 1de. Cross pin es in conjunction with ports 62, 53 and in cooperation with the throttling orices S8, 99 functions as a direct pilot valve and controls pressure and flow of hydraulic fluid entering through fluid inlets 94, 95 and bores et, 91 in piston rod 31 leading to opposite ends of cylinder 85. As with the other motors, throttling orifices Q9, 9s are placed in the fluid inlets Sill, 95.

Thus any pivotal movement of the pattern mount 1s and hence also the carrier 63 about the carrier axis is reected in a like movement of cross pin 89 which then establishes an unbalanced fluid pressure condition at opposite sides of piston 86 in cylinder 85 causing displacement of piston 8,6 in the same direction. Movement of piston 86 is transmitted through piston rod of piston 1d in cylinder 13 causing displacement 81 and pin 89 to ear SI and hence provides power for rotating carrier B3 about its axis and hence also metal blank 61 to agree with the rotational displacement of carrier A63 and pattern 6.

From the foregoing description it will now be evident that any angular displacement of the pattern 66 about either of its two mutually perpendicular intersecting axes of rotation, namely the axes of carrier 63 and cross pin 68 results in a like angular displacement of the metal blank 51 powered by the pistons 14 and 86 of the two expansion motors. The pattern 68 and metal blank always remain parallel.

If it is desired to reduce sliding friction in the pilot valves, to thereby effect an even greater accuracy in copying, the Valve parts such as pistons I 8 and 39, etc. may be made to rotate about their axis as is already known.

I claim:

l. In an automatic copying machine the coinbination comprising parallel arranged pattern and work blank mounts each pivotally supported for pivotal movement about two mutually per pendicular intersecting axes whereby each mount is capable of a wobble movement about the junction of such axes, means controlled by and actuated in accordance with all wobble move ments of said pattern mount for transmitting all wobble movements of said pattern mount to said work blank mount whereby to maintain said mounts in constant parallel relation, parallel arranged rotatable feeler and tool spindles, the axis of rotation of said tool spindle being iixed and said feeler spindle'being exible about its axis of rotation, geometrically identical feeler and tool members carried respectively by the corresponding spindles and which have a rounded surface contour, said feeler member being positioned to establish a rolling contact with the surface of a pattern secured to said pattern mount, said pattern and Afeeler.menfiberbeing magnetically attractive torone another, and the work blankbeing adapted to be secured to its mount parallel to said pattern to establish contact with the Surface of saidtcol, and means controlled by and actuated in accordance Ywith all movements of said feeler spindle for transmit-- tirigv all movements of said feeler spindle to said to l spindle whereby to maintain said tool spinin constant parallel relation with said ieeler spindle.

2. In an'V automatic copying machine, the combination comprising parallel Varranged rotatable feeler and tool spindles, geometrically identical feeler and tool members carried respectively by the corresponding spindles and which have a rounded surface contour, the axis of rotation of said tool spindle being xed-and said feeler spindle including a ilexible connection permitting deviation of the same and hence said feeler from its normal axis of rotation, power drive means controlled by and actuated upon deviation of said feeler spindle from its normal axis of rotation for causing said tool spindle to follow and duplicate the deviation of said vfeeler spindle thereby remaining parallel to the same,

pattern'and work blank mounts each pivotally supportedM for`pivotal movement about two mutually perpendicular intersecting axes whereby each mount'is capable-of a wobble movement about/the' junction ofsuch axes, power drives individual toeach said axis or movement and controlled by pivotal movement of said pattern mount for causing the said lmountA for said work blank to follow'and duplicate pivotalv movement of said'pattern'mount, said feeler Vmember being positioned to establish a rolling Contactk with the surface Vof a pattern secured to said pattern mount said pattern and` feeler member being magnetically attractive to leach other and the work blank Ybeing. secured to itsv mount'parallel to said pattern to establishY contact with the rotatable surface of said tool.

.3. An automatic copying machine as dened in claim'2 wherein the saidpower drive means' for said tool spindle and the power drives for said work blank mount are constituted bydouble acting hydraulic motors of the expansible chamber type.

4; An automatic copying machine as "donned in 'claim 2 wherein the 'power'drive means' for said tool spindle is constituted byldouble'acting hydraulic motor means of the expa'nsible chamber type, and said motor means is'controlled by a pilot valve assembly including a valve'cylinder and a piston'slidable in the same.

5. In an automatic copying machine, the comination comprising a frame, a rlrst'slide carried by and displaceable rectilinearly upon said'frame, a second slide carried by and displaceable rectilinearly upon said first slide ina direction normal to the direction of displacement of said rstslide, rotatable feeler and tool spindles carried 4bv' said second slide in spaced parallel relation with their respective axes of rotation arranged perpendicular to the plane of displacement of said second slide, geometrically identical `feeler and tool members carried respectively by said' feelerand being Yfixed and. said Sfeeler :spindle including a flexible Aconnection permitting deviation of the same and hencersaidfeeler from its normal axis of rotation, power drive-means for each `of said slides controlled by said deviation of said feeler -sp'indle for causing saidslides to follow and duplicate displacement of fsaid feeler; pattern and work blank mounts, each of said mounts being supported pivotallyfor pivotalmovement about two mutually perpendicular yintersecting axes whereby each mount is capable of a wobble move- Vment about the junctionof such axes, linkage means connecting said pattern mount with said work blank mount in each of its two axes of pivotal movement, each said'linkage -means including power drive means controlled by Ypivotal movement of said'pattern mount for causing the mount for said -work` blank to follow andduplicate the movement of said pattern mount, said feeler member being positioned to establish-a rolling contact with the surface of a pattern secured to said pattern mount said pattern and feeler member being magnetically attractive to each other and the work blank `being positicnable upon its mount parallel to said pattern to establish contact with the rotatable surface of said tool.

6. In an automatic copying machine the combination comprising parallel arranged pattern and work blank mounts, means supporting each of said mounts in spaced relation for wobble movement about a fixed point, means controlled by and actuated in accordance with all wobble movements of said pattern mount for transmitting all Ywobblernovements of said pattern mount to said workY blank mount whereby to maintain said mounts in constant parallel relation, parallel arranged rotatable Afeeler and tool spindles, geometrically identical feeler and tool members carried respectively by the corresponding spindles and which have a rounded surface contour, said eeler member Ybeing positioned to establish a rolling contact with the surface of a pattern secured to said'pattern mount, said feeler member and patternbeing attractive magnetically to each other,'and` said work blank being adapted to be secured'to its mount parallel to said pattern to establish contact with the surface of said tool, and means controlled by and actuated in accordance with all movements of said feeler spindle for' transmitting all movements of said `feeler spindle 'to said tool spindle whereby to maintain said' toolspindle in constant parallel relation with said feeler spindle.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

